Obesity A Serious Health Condition - 1452 Words

Obesity is a serious health condition that, if left untreated, causes serious health conditions. Contrary to popular belief, obesity is more than a condition caused by overeating and lack of exercise (Vallor 2013). Obesity is a disease (Callahan 2013); a disease that Americans are spending about $150 billion on annually (Zamosky 2013). Additionally, changing a person’s diet and exercise regimen may not be effective in some cases of obesity (Vallor 2013). Obesity is not like most well-known diseases; it is not caused by viruses or bacteria (Callahan 2013). However, â€Å"on an individual level, obesity is directly and indirectly associated with a plethora of other health risks† (Vallor 2013). Obesity has been linked to diabetes, heart disease, and kidney failure (Callahan 2013). While obesity is treated by the medical community with surgical options, therapy, and nutritional guidance, current obesity treatment is not adequate enough to help control the obesity epid emic because obesity treatment is not thorough or readily available. Because obesity can result in a myriad of health issues, a variety of methods should be explored to prevent and reverse obesity. Obesity is widespread, as there are more obese people in the world than there are malnourished people (Phillips 2011). What is obesity? Energy is stored as fat, and obesity is caused by excess energy intake as compared to the daily energy requirement (Pipe-Thomas Storey, 2013, p. 276). In summary, obesity is theShow MoreRelatedA Child s Silent Killer1266 Words   |  6 PagesKiller A serious life threatening condition is sweeping over the U.S. today. This ailment can cause numerous types of cancer and is drastically increasing in incidence. The individuals affected are our children and adolescents. No this â€Å"disease† is not untreatable, it is not contagious and there is no chemo involved yet it continues to grow. Why? When asked to present a problem and a solution, what bigger a problem and easier a solution than the underrated concern of childhood obesity in the UnitedRead More Childhood Obesity Essay955 Words   |  4 Pagesabout that? Or how about this, are you overweight, do you even know? Today’s adolescents don’t. In fact today’s adolescents face serious risk from their lack of activity. Today’s children are obese because they have developed some very bad habits related to healthy living and as result can suffer serious physical and psychological damage. Perhaps the most damaging health habit kids today have is their complete and total lack of exercise. Children today are more inclined to a sedentary behavior. MoviesRead MoreObesity Is A Major Health Epidemic1264 Words   |  6 PagesThe topic chosen was on obesity, the reason why this topic was chosen is obesity has now become a major health epidemic. Americans are increasing becoming overweight, which is leading to several major health problems that is costing our health care systems billions of dollars a year to treat. This is a health related problem that can be prevented if individuals were to make better choices when it comes to their diet and activities. The reason these three articles were chosen are they provide primaryRead MoreThe Effects Of Obesity On Adolescents : Childhood Obesity1068 Words   |  5 PagesThe Effects of Obesity on Adolescents Childhood obesity is one of the most serious public health problems in the 21st century. According to PMC, the US Library of National Health and Medicine and National Institutes of Health, over 42 million children under the age of five are obese worldwide in 2010, and that number continues to ascend at an alarming rate. Obesity occurs when the body stores an excess amount of fat that is not necessary for the person’s survival. Some scientists have argued thatRead MoreObesity as a Social and Medical Problem Essay1316 Words   |  6 Pages Obesity has become an epidemic in our over indulgent North American society. In addition to body image issues, obesity causes significant health issues. Society often views obesity to be a disease when it is actually a sign of a disorder, genetic or environmental. The percentage of our population that is growing overweight is increasing every year, and can become a very serious issue if it is not dealt with urgently. Problems relating to self-confidence, self-consciousness, and isolation canRead MoreObesity in America Essay1065 Words   |  5 PagesOne of the most commonly discussed issues of America in the last few decades has been obesity. It remains one of the biggest problems in American society and requires a careful, systematic but also immediate solution. Obesity is a term used to describe body weight that is much greater than what is considered healthy. Today, 65% of adults in the U.S. are overweight and half of those are obese. The rates for children are smaller but they are not satisfying either: 15% are overweight and another 15%Read MoreObesity And The Body Mass Index1404 Words   |  6 Pagesknows that Health is Wealth so if we everyone not aware about our health in future it will be a big problem for whole world. Today I am discuss about one of the major health problem obesity. According to Wlardlow (2000), obesity is defined as a condition characterized by excess body fat. Health reduces and it creates some big and little bit small problems related to the body of the certain people who has this kind of problem. It extends many negative effects on people’s health and reducesRead MoreChildhood Obesity : One Of The Most Serious Public Health Problem981 Words   |  4 PagesChildhood obesity is one of the most serious public health problems in the 21st century. According to PMC, the US Library of National Health and Medicine and National Institutes of Health, over 42 million children under the age of five are obese worldwide in 20 10, and that number continues to ascend at an alarming rate. Obesity occurs the body stores an excess amount of fat, and is more than what the person needs to survive. Some scientists have argued that males are considered obese when they areRead MoreFactors In Decreasing The Risk Of Obesity920 Words   |  4 PagesRisk of Obesity Aidrea M. Ford Grand Canyon University: HLT-550 August 2, 2017 Decreasing the Risk of Obesity One of the leading health indicators identified by HealthyPeople2020 is nutrition, physical activity, and obesity (Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, 2017). These factors are important to living a healthy lifestyle. Good nutrition combined with a healthy body weight and physical activity is key to decreasing the risk of developing serious health conditions (ODPHPRead MoreObesity Is A Medical Condition Essay1320 Words   |  6 Pages Obesity is a medical condition in which excess body fast has accumulated to the extent that it may have a negative effect on health and it usually does. Obesity leads to reduced life expectancy and increased health problems. Increased risk of heart disease, high blood sugar, high blood pressure, certain cancers and other chronic conditions are usually the problems that obesity may cause. Inactive lifestyle, poor environment, genes and family history, medicine, smoking and so on are factors which

Management Theories Essay - 1363 Words

‘Discuss how important it is in 2013 for managers to be able to understand and apply management theories in the workplace.’ Introduction Managers a huge part of a organisation they are arguably the main drivers to the success of the organisation as they are the ones that have control of the human and non-human resources, how they control these resources determines is the organisation achieves its over all goals. It is so important that managers do control these resources correctly that there has been extensive research in to how to be a good manger, this research has meant that we now have management theories. I will be discussing four management theories including behavioural management theory, contingency management approach,†¦show more content†¦Sometimes a manager can’t give there employees some of there needs this is usually the case with psychological and love/belonging but managers can help with the safety by providing a safe working environment and also a safe job, they can also offer things like health insurance. Managers can also help with esteem by having regular meetings to talk about how t he individual doing telling them what they are doing well and maybe a few things they need to improve. The final category is self-actualisation one way a manager can enforce this is by giving individuals different tasks to do that will make them think more than there day to day jobs. This is a very important theory for a manager to understand and apply because it will allow them to not just get more motivation out of their employees but too also be able to connect to them more which means that they can find out exactly what their employees want. Behavioural management theory - Application One example of this theory being applied in the real world is with the company that owns a few big name restaurants and that company is Darden Restaurants. Darden restaurants has 8 brands which include well known names such as Red Lobster, Olive Garden and LongHorn Steakhouse. The new CEO of Dardens Restaurant, Clarence Otis, Jr. has changed his leadership style since becoming the CEO of DardenShow MoreRelatedTerror Management Theory1289 Words   |  6 Pagesboth humans and animals, the understanding of one’s own mortality is uniquely human. How do we, as humans, deal with the terror that is associated with this knowledge? According to Terror Management Theory (TMT), developed by Jeff Greenberg, Sheldon Solomon, and Tom Pyszczynski (1989), the need for â€Å"terror management† is a fundamental function possessed by humans and cultural systems. Based on the writings of anthropologist Ernest Becker and inspired by Freud’s work on how death provokes belief in mysti calRead MoreManagement Theory And Management Theories1254 Words   |  6 Pagespurpose of developing the management theories is to bring out better ways to manage people. According to Aguinaldo Powell (2002), management theory evolves con-stantly with the continuous stream of new ideas that come from the attempts to transform theory into practice, and vice versa. As essential personnel identify promising methods that assist in managing responsibilities, it will lead to management theories progressing. This paper will il-lustrate how management theories have emerged over theRead MoreManagement Theory And Management Theories1272 Words   |  6 Pagespurpose of developing the management theories is to bring out better ways to manage people. According to Aguinaldo Powell (2002), management theory evolves con-stantly with the continuous stream of new ideas that come from the attempts to transform theory into practice, and vice versa. As essential personnel identify promis ing methods that assist in managing responsibilities, it will lead to management theories progressing. This paper will il-lustrate how management theories have emerged over theRead MoreManagement Theories And Management Theory1003 Words   |  5 PagesManagement Theories Management theory can be used in many organizations when starting out a business. It addresses how managers and leaders relate to their organization in the knowledge of their goals. It implements on how to set the goals and motivate their employees to perform in a high standard. Management theory consist of three important aspects operation strategy, innovation management and process management. Operation Strategy is to maximize the effectiveness of the whole production, butRead MoreManagement Theories Of Management Theory2222 Words   |  9 PagesManagement Theories Evolution Management practice cannot exist without the support of a theory. The complex character of management as the scholarly discipline, the variety of opinions concerning the essence and content of management theory, require systematizing knowledge about this phenomenon. Management theory is a relatively new science since its systematic development and academic research has started mostly in the 20th century. Although it is difficult to name the most important theories andRead MoreThe Theory Of Management And Management1690 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction Management is one of the remarkable activities within human society began with a group or to an larger organization that are able to accomplish a same goals and objectives, by defining what is management and how is important to human being society many management theorists have produces (many models that can be used for successful organization change and winners respond to the past and complexity of change and adapt learn and act quickly (Mildred,G. Sonia T. 2008 ) different theories or viewsRead MoreThe Contingency Management Theory And Management Theories1164 Words   |  5 Pagesof management, understand different management theories and to apply them appropriately depending on the organization, the mission and the situation. Flexibility is one of the greatest traits a manager can possess in an extremely competitive market. One management theory that subscribes to flexibility is the contingency management theory. Adaptability is crucial in today’s business environment, especially for organizations trying to remain significant in global industries. All management theoriesRead MoreThe Theory Of Management And The Scientific Management Theory Essay1208 Words   |  5 PagesTheories of management date back to the beginning of times. Every aspect of life contains some form of management. From managing oneself, to managing employees, to managing an entire corporation, management is a key part of life. Over time different theories have been developed and have evolved. Some of the first theories ever explored include the administrative management theory and the scientific management theory. While both of these theories were studied in depth, I believe that one of the greatestRead MoreManagement Theory Of Management And Management937 Words   |  4 Pagesnumber of theories have been used in company management. However, management of company could not be effective if only rely on theories. In fact, a good company development requires not only suitable theories selection but also consistency with practice in appropriate organization environment. Further, a company’s successful also need team work, creatively to together process. This essay focuses on how to make the company management effectively with some cases. There is no doubt that theory of managementRead MoreEvolution Of Management Theory And Management Theories2135 Words   |  9 PagesEvolution of Management Theory Jamal Roberts Pasco Hernando State College Evolution of Management Theory In reality, every person in a management position handles the way that they do their job differently. Management is one of the most important parts of an organization, if not the most important. However, the development of management in organizations has changed dramatically from the late eighteenth century to now. In the eighteenth century, managers relied on power and setting strict

Was Dollarization a Success in Zimbabwe Free Essays

string(165) " research is in partial fulfillment of the requirements of a Bachelor of Commerce Honours Degree in Accounting at the National University of Science and Technology\." CHAPTER ONE [pic] 1. Introduction At independence in 1980 the Zimbabwe dollar replaced the Rhodesian dollar at par at a rate which was higher than the American dollar. Although this quickly deteriorated, it was not until the late nineties that a series of events led to the demise of the Zimbabwean dollar. We will write a custom essay sample on Was Dollarization a Success in Zimbabwe or any similar topic only for you Order Now In 2008 in an 18-month ‘experiment’, foreign currency was accepted as legal tender for transactions with a set number of retailers. Honorable Members will be aware that in the hyper-inflationary environment characterizing the economy at present, our people are now using multiple currencies for day to day business transactions, alongside the Zimbabwe dollar. These currencies include the South African Rand (ZAR), United States Dollar (USD), Botswana Pula (BWP), Euro, and British Pound Sterling, among others. In line with the prevailing practices by the general public, Government is, therefore, allowing the use of multiple foreign currencies for business transactions, alongside the Zimbabwe dollar. †[1] However, months later, in March of 2009, the newly instated Finance Minister, Tendai Biti, announced that the Zimbabwe dollar would be suspended indefinitely. [2] The main argument in this piece is that the Zimbabwean crisis in the 2000s and the subsequent stabilization of the economy were made possible by the dollarization of the Zimbabwean economy in 2009. This article investigates the recent monetary experience of Zimbabwe with dollarization. It shows how dollarization has allowed Zimbabwe to quash hyper-inflation[3], restore stability, increase budgetary discipline, and re-establish monetary credibility. This paper analyses the effects of the dollarization of the Zimbabwean economy in 2009, in the wake of devastating hyper-inflation and a political crisis that reached its zenith with the electoral crisis of 2008. Though there is a direct nexus between the two processes, the former cannot be exclusively ascribed to the latter; there are a host of other issues that have contributed to the economic and financial breakdown in Zimbabwe. 1. 11 The Background to the Problem The Reserve Bank of Zimbabwe (RBZ) was forced to revalue the Zimbabwean dollar, three times in a space of less than three years, because of rampant hyper-inflation in the country. In August 2006, in an operation called ‘Sunrise 1’, the RBZ removed 3 zeroes from Zimbabwe’s currency and promised to introduce a new currency in the near future. In August 2008, exactly two years after the first revaluation, the RBZ slashed a further 10 zeroes from Zimbabwe’s currency, calling this ‘Sunrise II’. Rampaging hyper-inflation forced the government to erase another 12 zeroes in early February 2009. This was ‘Sunrise III’. Thus, a staggering 25 zeroes had been slashed from the Zimbabwean currency within a space of only three years. The hyper-inflation was just unsustainable, and when the Zimbabwean dollar was officially shelved in March 2009, the highest single denomination was a 100 trillion dollar note. When the 100 trillion dollar note was introduced on 16 January 2009, it was worth the equivalent of US$ 30 on the parallel market. The establishment of the Government of National Unity (GNU) saw the dollarization of the Zimbabwean economy and the shelving of the Zimbabwean dollar in March 2009. Dollarization is a portfolio shift away from domestic currency to foreign currency, to fulfil the main functions of money – store of value, unit of account, and medium of exchange. It is typically a result of unstable macroeconomic conditions and is a rational response of people seeking to diversify their assets in the face of heightened domestic currency risk. Efforts to revive the battered Zimbabwean economy, largely through the dollarization of the Zimbabwean economy are assessed through the lens of the banking sector. The banking sector thrived during the peak of the Zimbabwean crisis, as most banks became key players in highly speculative activities in areas such as Zimbabwe’s bullish stock exchange and real estate. The profits that were being realized in the banking sector trickled down to their workers who became the best remunerated workers amongst all the sectors in Zimbabwe. With dollarization of the economy in 2009, the once vibrant banking sector was suddenly facing the grim prospect of disintegration, which had plagued sectors such as teaching during the peak of the Zimbabwean crisis. The banking sector was adversely affected by the dollarization of the economy, as the speculative activities that were reaping huge rewards for the banks were wiped out overnight by the adoption of more stable currencies at the expense of the precarious Zimbabwean dollar. This spelt disaster for the banking fraternity, as most banks in the first few months of dollarization struggled to pay their workers in hard currency and instead were forced to downsize their operations and lay-off some of their employees. The paper argues that in complete contrast to most sectors in the economy, the banking sector boomed during the crisis, and the Zimbabwe Congress of Trade Unions (ZCTU) monthly remuneration lists in 2008 saw the banking workers consistently topping the lists. However, the dollarization of the Zimbabwean economy turned the tables on this once prosperous sector, as bank workers like the bank tellers and other clerical workers found themselves being laid-off, as most banks struggled to remunerate their workers in hard currency. 1. 12 Objectives ? To assess the performance of the banking sector before and after dollarization. To investigate the effects of dollarization of the Zimbabwean economy on the banking sector. ? To investigate the advantages and disadvantages of dollarization on the banking sector. 1. 13 The Research Problem The effects of dollarization on the banking sector after the dollarization of the Zimbabwean economy. 1. 14 The Research Question What effect does the dollari zation of the Zimbabwean economy have on the banking sector? 1. 15 Sub Questions 1. What is dollarization? 2. What are the forms of dollarization? 3. What are the costs of dollarization? 4. What are the benefits of dollarization? 5. What impact does dollarization have on the banking sector? 6. Was dollarization a success in Zimbabwe? 1. 17 Significance of the study To the researcher The research is in partial fulfillment of the requirements of a Bachelor of Commerce Honours Degree in Accounting at the National University of Science and Technology. You read "Was Dollarization a Success in Zimbabwe" in category "Papers" It will allow the researcher to have a deeper understanding and both theoretical and practical knowledge in the area of research and encourage a practical application of theoretical concepts on the area under study. To the banking sector The research is set to provide enlightment on the impact of dollarization of the Zimbabwean economy to the banking sector. To the university The research project will assist the university in coming up with a curriculum on the study of the dollarization of the Zimbabwean economy and the impact that it had on the banking sector. 1. 18 Assumptions ? All respondents have adequate knowledge of the developments in their particular organizations. ? Respondents will give truthful responses adequate to make reasonable inferences. The researcher assumes that respondents will respond within a reasonable time period to enable the timetable to be adhered to. ? The researcher assumes that he will have enough financial resources to meet all the expenses. ? There will not be institutional disturbances that could delay completion of the project. ? Secondary data will be available. 1. 19 Literature Review Data will be collected from the textbooks, libraries, newspapers, journals and the internet. 1. 20 Theoretical Framework Was the dollarization of the Zimbabwean economy a success to the banking sector? The research intends to use both primary and secondary sources of data. These sources of data will help to explore an analysis of what past researchers have brought to light in relation to the impact of the dollarization of the Zimbabwean economy on the banking sector. It is under this section that the researcher intends to explain various forms of dollarization. The benefits and costs of dollarization shall be explored through exclusive use of the internet and various text books and journals. 1. 21 Definitions of Terms For the purpose of this study the following abbreviations and definitions will be used. Hyper-inflation – Ruinously  high  increase (50  percent  or more per month) in  prices  due  to the near total  collapse  of a  country’s  monetary system, rendering its  currency  almost worthless as a  medium of exchange. Although hyperinflation is caused mainly by excessive  deficit spending  (financed by  printing  more  money) by a  government, some  economists  believe that social  breakdown  leads  to hyperinflation (not vice versa), and that its roots lie in political rather than economic  causes. 4] Dollarization – occurs when the inhabitants of a country use foreign  currency  in parallel to or instead of the domestic currency as a store of value, unit of account, and/or medium of exchange within the domestic economy. The term is not only applied to usage of the  United States dollar, but generally to the use of any foreign currency as the national currency. [5] BWP – Botswana Pula GNU – Government of National Unity USD – United States Dollar RBZ – Reserve Bank of Zimbabwe ZAR – South African Rand ZCTU- Zimbabwe Congress of Trade Unions 2. 00 Research Design Sample of people to send questionnaire is going to be based on knowledge, accessibility and convenience. 2. 11 Instruments for Data Collection The research will be based on both primary and secondary methods of collecting data which include surveys, interviews, questionnaires and published information and journals. The researcher will use a number of methods in the collection of primary and secondary information. The following methods will be used to gather primary information: ? Questionnaires- these will be designed and hand posted to the selected respondents. Sample of people to send questionnaire is going to be based on knowledge, accessibility and convenience. ? Interviews- interviews will be conducted to collect some of the information required in the research. The following sources will be used to tap all secondary data available about the subject: ? Use of textbooks ? The researcher in the course of the research will access newspapers, financial reports, business journals and the Internet. Information will also be attained through discussions with classmates and fellow researchers. 2. 2 Data Presentation and Analysis There will be use of tables, graphs and statistical tools/methods including pie charts in data presentation and analysis. These will be used first to present the data obtained through the questionnaires in the interviews, which will then make possible the analysis of the data in a more objective and quantitative manner as well as less subjective and qualitative way. A report shall then be compiled and presented on the fi nal outcome of the findings and analysis. 2. 13 Research Timetable and Budget (Project Scheduling) Research Time Table SectionChapterMonth/Period Introduction1Two weeks Literature Review2Two weeks Research Method3Four Weeks Data Presentation ; Analysis4Four Weeks Conclusion and Recommendation5Two weeks Research Budget Cost CenterCost Amount (USD) Typing and Printing$20 Photocopying$20 Internet$30 Traveling costs$50 Food Costs$30 Total$150 2. 14 Research Limitations ? The research is going to be limited due to the studies that will be going on concurrently with the research project and the time committed to the research project will be reduced. Time, unforeseen institutional disturbances at N. U. S. T. may delay timely completion of the research project. ? Lack of cooperation – there could be unexpected lack of cooperation from respondents, if any are to be involved in the project. ? Possible limited access to confidential information, which might be useful for the purposes of the research. ? Financial constraints – The research could be affected by the writer’ s limited funds to fully meet all due costs to be incurred during the research 2. 15 Source Referencing The â€Å"According to â€Å"Kararach G, Kadenge P, and Guvheya G, (2010). CURRENCY REFORMS IN ZIMBABWE: AN ANALYSIS OF POSSIBLE CURRENCY REGIMES,† will be used. 2. 16 Bibliography (a) Books The Harvard way of referencing shall be employed (b) Journals The â€Å"According to â€Å"Kararach G, Kadenge P, and Guvheya G, (2010). CURRENCY REFORMS IN ZIMBABWE: AN ANALYSIS OF POSSIBLE CURRENCY REGIMES,† will be used. ———————– [1] (Acting Minister of Finance, Cde Patrick Chinamasa on Budget Presentation to Parliament on 29 January 2009. ) [2] Ibid. ; Biti, T. ‘Statement on the 2009 Budget’, Presented to the Parliament of Zimbabwe by the Minister of Finance, 17 March 2009, http://www. zimtreasury. org [3] Hyper-inflation is defined by Hanke (2008) as a situation where the year- on- year rate of inflation breaches the 12,875 percent mark. Zimbabwe began to hyper-inflate in 2007 and hyper-inflation was officia lly reported by the Zimbabwe Central Statistical Office to have peaked at 231 million percent in July 2008. [4] http://www. businessdictionary. com/definition/hyperinflation. html [5] http://www. answers. com/topic/dollarization#ixzz2BXaOhuVJ ———————– 1 How to cite Was Dollarization a Success in Zimbabwe, Papers

The Whale free essay sample

Imagine a world in which there is no time. Only images. — Alan Lightman (Einsteins Dreams) A half-left turn to the piano and a solid mass of hands, flapping like the wings of a humming bird. Expectant eyes and faces are turned up to the stage, and although they are shrouded in a veil of darkness, I can still feel the penetrating glint of their eyes. Blood clots in my chest, withholding warmth from my clammy, serpentine hands. There is another boy next to me- a partner, a friend- my mind floundering to recall that I am not alone in this battle. Snap! The flash and pop of an unknown; and there we were, sailors before a storm. All was motionless; they sat upon the edge of their seat in expectation, us in our nervousness. Invisible lightning crackled in the void, waiting, biding its time. Sensing the change in the air, my nerves screamed out at me- and I nearly broke. We will write a custom essay sample on The Whale or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page My heart skipped a beat, and I knew that it was time. My fingers descended upon the black and white sea. I was Ishmael and he was Ahab, fighting the same foe. My hands pulled ropes, grabbing the winds of music from the sky; he was captain, steering us straight for the heart. The whale seemed to shrink as I was caught in the storm of our sounds, the gale buffeting all thoughts away. Suddenly, the beast breathed its last. Id been wrong- we were not sailors doomed to be entombed within the black wood upon which we played. There was a heavy sigh of relief, followed by thunderous applause. Fear has no hold over me.

The supreme court, in the case of kelo v. The city of new london

In America, there have been severe allegations that activist judges have grown. This has been the result of some decisions that have been taken by judges that have not gone down well with most politicians and other people. Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The supreme court, in the case of kelo v. The city of new london specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Diverse views are raised on the ruling of judges. For some activist judges exist and for others, there does not exist any judges that are activists; rather those you disagree with in their judgments do turn out to be so (at least in your sight.) sensitive cases that have drawn a lot of hullabaloos has been those involving same sex, stem cell operations, abortion among others. The original dissent on cases relating to eminent domain was set up by Justice O’Connor. In her previous ruling she stated that it was allowed for private property to be transferred to a nother private individual for economic development as long as it is bound to be improved and used in a way that is beneficial to the public in itself or in the process of development (Bodenhamer Ely 14). This precedent has opened leeway for abuse. The case of Kelo vs. The City of New London is one of eminent domain. It was worked out following the precedent set by Justice O’Connor. The facts of this case relate to the use of eminent domain. New London, which is a city in Connecticut, ceased some property that was not for public use and sold it to some people who were to develop it for private purposes (Merriam Ross 180). The city was of the opinion that by coming up with these developments, jobs would be created in the process. Equally there was to be an increase in revenues from taxes. Kelo Susette and some other people who had lost their land by this repossession placed a suit in court against New London. The issues relating to the case included: the property owners rais ed an argument that by its actions, the city was in essence violating the Fifth Amendment’s clause that deals with takings. In this clause, a provision is made for the government to accord just compensation for any private property taken by them. Another issue arising was the determination of whether taking this property and selling it to private developers was in essence a public use of the land. The Supreme Court of Connecticut ruled in favour of New London. In his ruling, Justice John Paul Stevens, stated that the taking qualified to be for public use in relation to the takings clause. The city by taking the land did not intend to benefit a certain group of privates but was intended for an economic development plan. Advertising Looking for essay on government? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Further the judge noted that the Fifth Amendment was not after the literal public use but rather broader interpretation that co uld include public purpose. The bench of judges was accused of being an activist in this case. Upon this ruling, there was outrage and politics in New London became rife. This forced there to be council elections. Due to the claims of activism among judges, Pfizer, which was the drug company that had been allocated the land for a public purpose, announced that it was getting out of the deal and was not going to develop the property again. This was as an aftermath of the public outrage on the seizure of the land. The research center that they had initially set up had to be shut down. Another aftermath of this case is that States were left struggling to clearly define what eminent domain was to envisage. States were asked to consider their individual standards for eminent domain. This case is considered to be activist because the court was accused of having to strain what would otherwise be the plain implications by the constitution to end up achieving their predetermined desirable e nds. The main reason the Fifth Amendment Act was formulated was to protect government infringement into private property. Public use of the land should then have indicated that the land be applied generally for public purposes and not be given to a private developer. The court was accused of having abused the precedent that was set by Justice O’Connor. Concerns were further raised that the court put an emphasis on what originally was supposed to be a public use to be a public purpose. Basing on this, there is created an endless way in which the clause can be abused. Work Cited Bodenhamer, David Ely, James. The Bill of Rights in modern America. Indiana: Indiana University Press, 2008. Print. Merriam, Dwight Ross, Mary. Eminent domain use and abuse: Kelo in context. Chicago, Illinois: American Bar Association, 2006. Print.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The supreme court, in the case of kelo v. The city of new london specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This essay on The supreme court, in the case of kelo v. The city of new london was written and submitted by user Lindsay Cobb to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

The Space Shuttle Challenger Disaster

The Space Shuttle Challenger Disaster At 11:38 a.m. on Tuesday, January 28, 1986, the Space Shuttle Challenger launched from the Kennedy Space Center at Cape Canaveral, Florida. As the world watched on TV, the Challenger soared into the sky and then, shockingly, exploded just 73 seconds after take-off. All seven members of the crew, including social studies teacher Sharon Christa McAuliffe, died in the disaster. An investigation of the accident discovered that the O-rings of the right solid rocket booster had malfunctioned. Crew of the Challenger Christa McAuliffe (Teacher in Space)Dick Scobee (Commander)Mike Smith (Pilot)Ron McNair (Mission Specialist)Judy Resnik (Mission Specialist)Ellison Onizuka (Mission Specialist)Gregory Jarvis (Payload Specialist) Should the Challenger Have Launched? Around 8:30 a.m. on Tuesday, January 28, 1986, in Florida, the seven crew members of the Space Shuttle Challenger were already strapped into their seats. Though they were ready to go, NASA officials were busy deciding whether it was safe enough to launch that day. It had been extremely cold the night before, causing icicles to form under the launch pad. By morning, temperatures were still only 32 ° F. If the shuttle launched that day, it would the coldest day of any shuttle launch. Safety was a huge concern, but NASA officials were also under pressure to get the shuttle into orbit quickly. Weather and malfunctions had already caused many postponements from the original launch date, January 22. If the shuttle didnt launch by February 1, some of the science experiments and business arrangements regarding the satellite would be jeopardized. Plus, millions of people, especially students across the U.S., were waiting and watching for this particular mission to launch. A Teacher on Board Among the crew on board the Challenger that morning was Sharon Christa McAuliffe. McAuliffe, a social studies teacher at Concord High School in New Hampshire, had been chosen from 11,000 applicants to participate in the Teacher in Space Project. President Ronald Reagan created this project in August 1984 in an effort to increase public interest in the U.S. space program. The teacher chosen would become the first private citizen in space. A teacher, a wife, and a mother of two, McAuliffe represented the average, good-natured citizen. She became the face of NASA for nearly a year before the launch, and the public adored her. The Launch A little after 11:00 a.m. on that cold morning, NASA told the crew that launch was a go. At 11:38 a.m., the Space Shuttle Challenger launched from Pad 39-B at the Kennedy Space Center at Cape Canaveral, Florida. At first, everything seemed to go well. However, 73 seconds after lift-off, Mission Control heard Pilot Mike Smith say, Uh oh! Then people at Mission Control, observers on the ground, and millions of children and adults across the nation watched as the Space Shuttle Challenger exploded. The nation was shocked. To this day, many remember exactly where they were and what they were doing when they heard that the Challenger had exploded. It remains a defining moment in the 20th century. Search and Recovery An hour after the explosion, search and recovery planes and ships searched for survivors and wreckage. Though some pieces of the shuttle floated on the surface of the Atlantic Ocean, much of it had sunken to the bottom. No survivors were found.  On January 31, 1986, three days after the disaster, a memorial service was held for the fallen heroes. What Went Wrong? Everyone wanted to know what had gone wrong. On February 3, 1986, President Reagan established the Presidential Commission on the Space Shuttle Challenger Accident. Former Secretary of State William Rogers chaired the commission, whose members included Sally Ride, Neil Armstrong, and Chuck Yeager. The Rogers Commission carefully studied pictures, video, and debris from the accident. The Commission determined that the accident was caused by a failure in the O-rings of the right solid rocket booster. O-rings sealed the pieces of the rocket booster together. From multiple uses and especially because of the extreme cold on that day, an O-ring on the right rocket booster had become brittle. Once launched, the weak O-ring allowed fire to escape from the rocket booster. The fire melted a support beam that held the booster in place. The booster, then mobile, hit the fuel tank, causing the explosion. Upon further research, it was determined that there had been multiple, unheeded warnings about the potential problems with the O-rings. The Crew Cabin On March 8, 1986, just over five weeks after the explosion, a search team found the crew cabin; it had not been destroyed in the explosion. The bodies of all seven crew members were found, still strapped into their seats. Autopsies were done but exact cause of death was inconclusive. It is believed that at least some of the crew survived the explosion, since three of four emergency air packs found had been deployed. After the explosion, the crew cabin fell over 50,000 feet and hit the water at approximately 200 miles per hour. No one could have survived the impact.

Victim Typologies Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Victim Typologies - Essay Example mization which involves only a single person being targeted – the objective is easy, there is one person on the mind of the potential criminal and he wished to target only him for the purpose of benefitting in some manner; secondary victimization involves that a person be targeted indirectly or impersonally where the criminal may target someone close the actual person he wants to target however brings in the aspect of threat; tertiary victimization refers to when the entire public (absolutely anyone) is being targeted and there is no particular target in mind as the object is to scare a larger crowd of people; mutual victimization is the fourth type that occurs when there are two sets of criminals that turn against each other and target one another for some purpose; lastly, no victimization is when it is difficult to understand and identify the target. There are a number of differences between victimology and criminology, the major being that in criminology, time is spent studying the focal point of the offender and the motive behind his crime whereas in victimology, the goal is to help the victim suffer as less as possible while restoring him back to his community with a healed relationship and state of mind with respect to the crime. The former refers to studying the relationship that a criminal has with a victim with respect to the crime as well as the motive behind committing the same and the latter refers to studying the victims and helping them improve their social status as well as working conditions. Both these studies fall under the branch of crime studies and they significantly assist in increasing the effectiveness of the criminal justice system. There have been a number of criminal cases of late which may be marked with either of the victim typologies; as of June 13, 2011, the body of a young student Lauren Spierer has been missing and the police in Indianapolis have been looking for signs of either life or death. Her family has been worried sick

The soul is the prison of the body (Foucault, 1979). Critically Essay

The soul is the prison of the body (Foucault, 1979). Critically examine the argument that psychology is a performative practice - Essay Example Children are introduced to certain social activities that they slowly pick up and can adapt. For instance, introducing a young child gradually to a certain religion, taking them to language classes, or showing them a particular sport that they should play. All habits that are instilled into the young child are indeed integral to how he will grow and develop mentally. The child will perceive life in a certain way and consider things using a particular thought pattern that is different (Walsh et al., 2014). This is how performative psychology comes into play as the child is programmed to take up a particular role. It is a proven fact that by regularly practicing something, one will develop such things into his personality. This is why different people have different characters. This is because by doing certain things over a period; they eventually pick that up in their personalities and become what they constantly do (Butler, 2009). It all has to do with performing or playing a particular role. With time, one finds that it is a habitual thing and a part of his personality. This is how performative psychology comes into play. Every part of a person’s personality is gradually introduced into them through their thinking pattern. A practical example, for example, is from the television programmes that bring children up watching. Many children from the 70s, 80s and early 90s watched many kids shows. One of these was the Sesame Street programme. It was a programme where the children learnt many concepts in simplified methods. Characters such as Big Bird, Elmo, Miss Piggy, Kermit, Ernie, Bert and many others, influenced the children. Each of these characters played a particular role and taught the children certain values or introduced them to a certain way of thinking. The children were probed about certain things like ability to count, ability to recite the alphabet

Retail logistic Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Retail logistic - Essay Example The service sector is growing faster than the goods and manufacturing sector globally. Service retailing can again be subdivided into rented goods services, owned goods services and non-goods services. Very often, emails are found, which are least expected, in the inbox. These are commercial mails that promote a product or a service and generally ask you to click on a specific link given in the mail. If the person is interested, then he/she will visit that site, otherwise he can just delete the mail from the inbox. This is one of the popular online marketing strategies that marketers are adopting to reach potential customers. Technology has become the predominant element in many businesses. IT has added to the capabilities of companies enabling them to set new standards in business. The power of the Internet has transformed everything. E-commerce has redefined markets, industries and the way one does business. The growth of online marketing has just begun and it is at an early stage of evolution. The Internet has not only revolutionized personal lives, but has even transformed the world of business to a great extent. Every company today, irrespective of whether it is a dotcom comp any or not, has a presence on the net. The Internet has become an effective medium for reaching potential customers all over the globe. The rapid increase in the growth on online marketing can be attributed to many factors. Goods, services and ideas can move across continents efficiently at the click of a mouse. Anyone can link up with anyone else, anytime and anywhere in the world. With the advent of e-commerce, the rapid growth of the Internet and online transactions taking place at all times of the day and night, today’s markets, businesses and customers never sleep. This is not only a new challenge for global businesses attempting to serve a client base that spans time zones, but also for local enterprises that can no longer

Flip Flop Circuit Explanation and Study

Flip Flop Circuit Explanation and Study A flip-flop is a term referring to an electronic circuit (a bistable multivibrator) that has two stable states and thereby is capable of serving as one bit of memory. Today, the term flip-flop has come to mostly denote non-transparent (clocked or edge-triggered) devices, while the simpler transparent ones are often referred to as latches; however, as this distinction is quite new, the two words are sometimes used interchangeably . A flip-flop is usually controlled by one or two control signals and/or a gate or clock signal. The output often includes the complement as well as the normal output. As flip-flops are implemented electronically, they require power and ground connections. Introduction Basic Flip-Flop Circuit A flip-flop circuit can be constructed from two NAND gates or two NOR gates. Each flip-flop has two outputs, Q and Q, and two inputs, set and reset. This type of flip-flop is referred to as an SR flip-flop or SR latch. The flip-flop in figure has two useful states. When Q=1 and Q=0, it is in the set state (or 1-state). When Q=0 and Q=1, it is in the clear state (or 0-state). The outputs Q and Q are complements of each other and are referred to as the normal and complement outputs, respectively. The binary state of the flip-flop is taken to be the value of the normal output. When a 1 is applied to both the set and reset inputs of the flip-flop in Figure 2, both Q and Q outputs go to 0. This condition violates the fact that both outputs are complements of each other. In normal operation this condition must be avoided by making sure that 1s are not applied to both inputs simultaneously. The NAND basic flip-flop circuit in figure operates with inputs normally at 1 unless the state of the flip-flop has to be changed. A 0 applied momentarily to the set input causes Q to go to 1 and Q to go to 0, putting the flip-flop in the set state. When both inputs go to 0, both outputs go to 1. This condition should be avoided in normal operation. Master-Slave Flip-Flop Introduction A master-slave flip-flop is constructed from two seperate flip-flops. One circuit serves as a master and the other as a slave. The logic diagram of an SR flip-flop is shown in figure.The master flip-flop is enabled on the positive edge of the clock pulse CP and the slave flip-flop is disabled by the inverter. The information at the external R and S inputs is transmitted to the master flip-flop. When the pulse returns to 0, the master flip-flop is disabled and the slave flip-flop is enabled. The slave flip-flop then goes to the same state as the master flip-flop. In addition to these two flip-flops, the circuit also includes an inverter. The inverter is connected to clock pulse in such a way that the inverted CP is given to the slave flip-flop. For example, if the CP=0 for a master flip-flop, then the output of the inverter is 1, and this value is assigned to the slave flip-flop. In other words if CP=0 for a master flip-flop, then CP=1 for a slave flip-flop. A master-slave flip flop can be constructed using any type of flip-flop which forms a combination with a clocked RS flip-flop, and with an inverter as slave circuit. An RS master-slave flip-flop consists of two RS flip-flops; one is the master flip-flop and the other a slave. The inverted CP is given to the slave flip-flop. Now when CP=0, the master flip-flop is disabled. So the external inputs R and S of the master flip-flop will not affect the circuit until CP goes to 1. The inverter output goes to 1 and it enables the slave flip-flop. The output Q=Y and Q=Y. When CP=1, the master flip-flop is enabled and the slave flip-flop remains isolated from the circuit until CP goes back to 0. Now Y and Y depends on the external inputs R and S of the master flip-flop. Assume that the flip-flop is in a clear state and no clock pulse is applied to the circuit. The external inputs given are S=1 and R=0. This input will not affect the state of the system until the CP=1. Now the next clock pulse applied should change the state to SET state (S=1, R=0). During the clock pulse transition from 0 to 1, the master flip-flop goes to set state and changes the output Y to 1. However this does not affect the output of the system since the slave flip-flop is isolated from the system (CP=0 for slave). So no change is observed at the output of the system. When the CP returns to 0, the master flip-flop is disabled while the slave is enabled. So the information from the master is allowed to pass through to the slave. Since Y=1, this changes the output Q to 1. In a master slave flip-flop it is possible to change the output of the flip-flop and the external input with same clock pulse. This is because the external input S can be changed at the same time while the pulse goes through its negative edge transition. When CP=0, change in external input S would not affect the state of the system. From this behavior of the master slave flip-flop it is quite clear that the state change in flip-flops coincide with the negative edge transition of the pulse. Negative edge transition means an inverter is attached between the CP terminal and the input of the slave. In positive edge triggered master slave flip-flops an additional inverter is attached between the CP terminal and the input of the master. Such flip-flops are triggered with negative pulses. Negative edge of the pulse affects the master and positive edge affects the slave. Timing Diagram The timing relationship is shown in figure and is assumed that the flip-flop is in the clear state prior to the occurrence of the clock pulse. The output state of the master-slave flip-flop occurs on the negative transition of the clock pulse. Some master-slave flip-flops change output state on the positive transition of the clock pulse by having an additional inverter between the CP terminal and the input of the master. Let us say that a clock of certain frequency is fed to the FF, and consider the case of JK being 11. The propagation delay of FF is very very less than the clock pulse time.The FF continues complementing the output an unpredictable number of times, thus leading to anomaly in the final output after the pulse time of the clock is completed.At the end the clock pulse, the value of O is uncertain.This continuous toggling of output when clock is HIGH is known asRace Around condition. This can be eliminated by Clock time should be less than the propagation delay time of the latch. By using Masterslave JK Flip flop. Pulse-Triggered Master-Slave These flip-flops are constructed from two separate flip-flops. The term pulse-triggered means that data are entered into the flip-flop on the leading edge of the clock pulse, but the output does not reflect the input state until the trailing edge of the clock pulse. This is due to the master flip-flop being rising edge triggered and the slave flip-flop being falling edge triggered as illustrated in the figure below. Master-Slave J-K Flip-Flop A master slave flip flop is a cascade of two S R flip flops with feedback from the outputs of the second to the inputs of the first. Positive clock pulses are applied to the first flip flop and clock pulses are inverted before these are applied to the second flip flop. The logic symbol for the master-slave flip-flop only indicates the initial inputs to the master and the outputs from the slave as indicated by the J-K master-slave flip-flop shown in figure Operation of master-slave J-k flip flop Whe CK=1, the first flip flop is enabled and the outputs Q and Q(toggle) respond to the J K according to its truth table.At this time the second flip flop is inhibited because its clock is LOW. When CK goes LOW, the first flip flop is inhibited and the second flip flop is enabled, because now its clock isHIGH.Since the second flip flop simply follows the first one it is referred to as slave and he first one as the master. Master-slave D flip-flop Consider the following terms: RIPPLE THROUGH: An input changes level during the clock period, and the change appears at the output. PROPAGATION DELAY: The time between applying a signal to an input, and the resulting change in the output. These problems can be overcome by masterslave D Flip flop. A master-slave D flip-flop is created by connecting two gated D latches in series, and inverting the enable input to one of them. It is called master-slave because the second latch in the series only changes in response to a change in the first (master) latch. The term pulse-triggered means that data is entered on the rising edge of the clock pulse, but the output does not reflect the change until the falling edge of the clock pulse. It responds on the negative edge of the enable input usually a clock. For a positive-edge triggered master-slave D flip-flop, when the clock signal is low (logical 0) the enable seen by the first or master D latch (the inverted clock signal) is high (logical 1). This allows the master latch to store the input value when the clock signal transitions from low to high. As the clock signal goes high (0 to 1) the inverted enable of the first latch goes low (1 to 0) and the value seen at the input to the master latch is locked. Nearly simultaneously, the twice inverted enable of the second or slave D latch transitions from low to high (0 to 1) with the clock signal. This allows the signal captured at the rising edge of the clock by the now locked master latch to pass through the slave latch. When the clock signal returns to low (1 to 0), the output of the slave latch is locked, and the value seen at the last rising edge of the clock is held while the master latch begins to accept new values in preparation for the next rising clock edge. By removing the leftmost inverter in the above circuit, a D-type flip flop that strobes on the falling edge of a clock signal can be obtained. The truth table obtained is as follows: CONVENTIONS: The circuit is set means output = 1 The circuit is reset means output = 0 Flip-flops have two output Q and Q or (Q and Q) Due to time related characteristic of the flip-flop, Q and Q (or Q) are usually represented as followed: Qt or Q: present state Qt+1 or Q+: next state POINTS TO REMEMBER: When using a real flip-flop, the following information is needed to be considered: propagation delay (tpLH, tpHL) time needed for an input signal to produce an output signal minimum pulse width (tw(min)) minimum amount of time a signal must be applied setup and hold time (tsu, th) minimum time the input signal must be held fixed before and after the latching action. USES: A flip-flop is used to store one bit, or binary digit, of data. Any one of the flip-flop types can be used to build any of the others. Many logic synthesis tools will not use any other type than D flip-flop and D latch. Level sensitive latches cause problems with Static Timing Analysis (STA) tools and Design For Test (DFT). Many FPGA devices contain only edge-triggered D flip-flops The data contained in several flip-flops may represent the state of a sequencer, the value of a counter, an ASCII character in a computers memory or any other piece of information. One use is to build finite state machines from electronic logic. The flip-flops remember the machines previous state, and digital logic uses that state to calculate the next state. Frequency division: a chain of T flip-flops as described above will also function to divide an input in frequency by 2n, where n is the number of flip-flops used between the input and the output. Master Slave Flip Flop is useful in eliminating race around condition. They are used in both asynchronous and clocked sequential systems.

Abortion - Is it Safe? Essay -- Argumentative Persuasive Topics

Abortion - Is it Safe?      Ã‚   If you have been told that abortion is a "safe and legal" procedure, please keep reading. Many problems can occur either during or after a legal abortion. Most people are unaware of the many dangers associated with abortion.    Ten percent of women undergoing elective abortion will suffer immediate complications, of which one-fifth are considered life-threatening. The most common complications that can occur at the time of an abortion are: ripping or perforation of the uterus, excessive bleeding, infection, embolism, convulsions, hemorrhage, cervical injury, endotoxic shock, fever, second degree burns, vomiting, and chronic abdominal pain. You can learn more by reading "Physical Health Risks of Abortion: Scientific Studies Reveal Significant Risk," from the Elliot Institute.    Over 750 papers have been published regarding the risks to abortive women. Women fall into one of two categories: normal risk or high risk. Several types of women are at significantly higher risk for post-abortion problems. They should be particularly aware of the greater potential for complications.    Women under 20 experience a 2 times greater risk of medical complications than for women aged 25-29 (CJPH 73 (1982): 396-400). One woman in 24 (4.1%) have experienced immediate medical complications. (These have included severe bleeding, infection, perforation of the uterus, and part of the baby being retained.)(CJPH 73 (1982):396-400). 150% greater risk of cervical injury than for women over 30 years of age(NEJM 309 (1983):621-4). Women who've had a previous abortion have a 200% increased risk of miscarriage after two or more abortions (JAMA 243 (1980): 2495-9). 160% increased risk o... ...6 American Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology 166 (1992):100-103 American Journal of Public Health 72 (1982):253-6 Bernadell Technical Bulletin 1 (1989):1-2 British Journal of Cancer 43 (1981):72-6 British Medical Journal 290 (1985):907-9 Canadian Journal of Psychiatry 24 (1979):610-20 Canadian Journal of Publid Health 73 (1982): 396-400. Human Medicine 7 (1991):3:203-9. Journal of the American Medical Association 243 (1980):2495-9 McGovern, Celeste. "Hag-Ridden by Post-Abortion Guilt." British Columbia Report, 10/18/93; British Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology 87 (1980):1115-22 New England Journal of Medicine 309 (1983):621-4 Somerville, Scott, Esq. "Before You Choose." AIM publications 10/1/93. Willke, J.C., M.D. The Deadly After-Effect of Abortion: Breast Cancer. Cincinnati, OH: Hayes Publishing, 1993.

To Kill or Not to Kill

CAPITAL PUNISHMENT: TO KILL OR NOT TO KILL Student: Dave Cameron Professor: Robert Ashley Class: CAN271FA Law & The Citizen The first record of capital punishment in Canada is that of Peter Cartcel, a sailor who murdered Abraham Goodsides, a sailor from another ship, in 1749. Peter Cartcel was found guilty of murder and sentenced to death by hanging. Capital punishment was first implemented in Canada in 1749 when it was under British rule as a British colony. The death penalty was not abolished in Canada until 1976.The last instance of Capital punishment was an execution that took place at Toronto’s Don Jail on December 11, 1962. Arthur Lucas, a man convicted of killing an FBI informant and Ronald Turpin, a petty thief who shot a policeman while fleeing a restaurant robbery, were the last two individuals to be hung in Canada. Over the course of the two centuries that Capital punishment was in use in Canada, 710 individuals were executed. Canada should not re-instate the death penalty for any offences due to the fact that the legal system is still not an exact science and many innocent individuals continue to be wrongfully accused of crimes.There are many disadvantages to Capital punishment and reinstating it would be an egregious error on our nation’s part and we would be taking a step backwards in terms of our civility and humanity. If Canada reinstates the death penalty, there is a possibility that many individuals will be executed for crimes they did not commit. While there are no known cases of wrongful executions in Canada, between the years of 1879 and 1960, 438 death sentences were commuted as a result of newfound evidence etc. Had those 438 death sentences not been commuted, it is possible that 438 innocent Canadian citizens would have been put to death.Despite the fact that there is no evidence of wrongful executions in Canada, there have been many cases of individuals who have been exonerated of their crimes years after they were execute d in other nations. One infamous case of wrongful execution occurred in the United States. Claude Jones, a United States citizen, was executed in the year 2000 for murdering liquor storeowner Allen Hilzendager in 1989. In 2007, a DNA test revealed that the strand of hair that was used by the prosecution to convict Claude Jones was actually a strand of hair belonging to the victim, proving Claude Jones’ innocence.Similar to Claude Jones’ proven innocence years after his execution, there have been many wrongful executions in other nations throughout the world. In the United Kingdom, Timothy Evans was found guilty of murdering his wife and daughter in 1950. The serial killer John Christie in fact committed the murders. The police coerced Timothy Evans into a false confession. The police also did not do a proper search of John Christie’s property and failed to find other human remains. Timothy Evans was granted a royal pardon in 1966, however an innocent life had be en needlessly taken.Capital punishment was abolished in the United Kingdom partly because of Timothy Evans wrongful execution. If Capital punishment did not exist in these nations, the lives of many innocent men and women would have been spared. Therefore, Capital punishment should not be reinstated in Canada because it is not worth the possibility that innocent Canadians will be put to death for crimes they did not commit. If an individual is wrongfully accused for a crime, incarcerated for life and are exonerated, they can be released and resume their former life. However, a wrongful execution cannot be undone or taken back, it is permanent.It has been proven throughout the history of modern of law, particularly throughout the history of English common law, which is the basis of the Canadian legal system in every province in Canada except for Quebec, a province where they practice Civil law, that 50% of eyewitness testimony is false. Eyewitness testimony is the most influential de ciding factor for a Jury during trial and 95-100% of crimes that carry Capital punishment are trails with a Jury. Therefore, there is a very high risk that innocent individuals will be put in jail and sentenced to Capital punishment based on a Jury swayed by false eyewitness testimony.Capital punishment has been used by nearly all nations throughout the world at one point in history. The use of Capital punishment as part of the justice system began with recorded history and it has made many changes and advances over the millennia that it has been in use. To its credit, there have been many movements towards more humane forms of execution, especially throughout the last century. Prisoners are no longer being boiled to death, crucified or impaled, however execution as a form of punishment is still seen as a gruesome act by many countries, including Canada.The more humane forms of execution that have been invented and implemented in modern jails include the electric chair, the gas cham ber and lethal injection. These forms of â€Å"humane† execution are used in the United States where Capital punishment is legal. Many societies with Capital punishment ascribe to the Biblical Old Testament form of law, the idea of an eye for an eye and a tooth for a tooth, where a person who has harmed another should be similarly harmed in retribution. However, if you take an eye for an eye every time someone is wronged, the whole world will go blind.Another disadvantage to Capital punishment is that one of the purposes of jails in modern society is to rehabilitate inmates. Jails do not only exist to protect society from criminals that can harm the innocent, they also have the intention of rehabilitating inmates so that they can rejoin society as healthy, functioning members who can contribute in a meaningful way. There are many different types of rehabilitation programs established in Canadian prisons. One important rehabilitation program gives inmates access to educational services that they did not receive prior to their incarceration for various socio-economic reasons.These educational services allow inmates, who are often lacking basic education, to become literate, receive their General Education Development diploma, participate in vocational education programs, earn College diplomas and earn University degrees. One of the leading causes of crime is poverty, which is often caused by a cycle of illiteracy and a lack of education. Inmates should be given a chance to be educated while serving their sentence so that they can be rehabilitated into society, rather than being executed. When Capital punishment is in place in a nation, no societal progress can be made.Thousands of lives are taken and no change is made, the cycle of crime continues. Another leading cause of crime is drug and alcohol abuse. Many individuals resort to crime to support their expensive drug and alcohol habits and the majority have not received drug treatment prior to their inc arceration. Another important rehabilitation program in Canadian prisons is the drug treatment program. Studies have shown that inmates who are required to participate in drug rehabilitation programs combined with therapy show positive results. The purpose of jails is to not only punish criminals, but to rehabilitate them into society.Inmates need to be given a chance to receive the rehabilitation they need, such as drug and alcohol treatment and an education before their lives are taken away. The solution to crime in our society is not Capital punishment. It is finding the source and the root of the crime, such as poverty, lack of education and drug and alcohol abuse and solving these problems and rehabilitating these individuals. Once inmates are successfully rehabilitated the level of crime will greatly diminish and no lives need to be taken in the form of Capital punishment.There are numerous disadvantages to reinstating Capital punishment in Canada, however one of the advantage s to Capital punishment is it costs less money to execute a prisoner than to house them for life. In Canada, rather than receiving the death penalty for crimes such as murder, individuals receive 25 years in prison without the possibility of parole for the duration of those 25 years. It is possible that these individuals will remain in prison for the rest of their lives. If the crime is particularly heinous, the prisoner is designated a dangerous offender.This makes the possibility of parole much more difficult to obtain. Prisoners can also be designated long-term offenders. This is less serious than being designated a dangerous offender, however it is still difficult to receive parole. The designation of dangerous offender and long-term offender are made after individuals are convicted. The prisoners only given these designations once they have received a fair trail. Prisoners such as long-term offenders and dangerous offenders who remain in jail for 25 or more years cost Canadian tax payers and the Government an enormous amount of money.One advantage to Capital punishment is it’s financial benefit to the nations that implement it. The annual cost of housing an inmate in Canada can range between $52,000 to $250,000 a year depending on level of security of the facility in which the inmate is being held. Multiply that figure by the 25 years an inmate serves when sentenced to life in prison instead of receiving Capital punishment and the housing of an inmate for life in Canada ranges from $1,300,000 to $6,250,000. It is Canadian taxpayers who pay for the housing of inmates through the Government.However, the financial benefit of killing individuals instead of housing them for life is not worth potentially killing the innocent. There are many advantages and disadvantages to Capital punishment, however it should not be reinstated in Canada. The disadvantages far outweigh the advantages and it is simply not worth the possibility of potentially killing innoce nt individuals just to save the taxpayers and the Government money. Works Cited List Jobb, Dean. Bluenose Justice: True Tales of Mischief, Mayhem and Murder. â€Å"First Blood. † (Hantsport, N. S. : Lancelot Press, 1996), pages: 135-40.Napolitano, Angelina. Dictionary of Canadian Biography Online. University of Toronto. 2011. http://www. biographi. ca/index-e. html. Web. 9 Jul. 2012. American Psychological Association. â€Å"Inmate Drug Abuse Treatment Slows Prison’s Revolving Door. † American Psychological Association. 2004. http://www. apa. org/research/action/aftercare. aspx. Web. 10 Jul. 2012. Canadian Broadcasting Corporation. â€Å"Doing The Crime And Doing The Time. † Canadian Broadcasting Corporation. 2012. http://www. cbc. ca/canadavotes 2006/realitycheck/crimetime. html. Web. 10 Jul. 2012. Center on Wrongful Convictions. Claude Jones. † Northwestern University School of Law. 2006. http://www. law. northwestern. edu/cwc/issues/wrongfulexecu tions/ txjonescsummary. html. Web. 9 Jul. 2012. Correctional Service Canada. â€Å"Staff Development and the Formation of Curriculum in Prison Education. † Correctional Service Canada. 2012. http://www. csc-scc. gc. ca/text/pblct/forum/e031/e031l-eng. shtml. Web. 10 Jul. 2012. Crime Museum. â€Å"Wrongful Execution. † National Museum of Crime and Punishment. 2008. http://www. crimemuseum. org/library/execution/wrongfulExecution. html. Web. 9 Jul. 2012. Michael Bromby.Glasgow Caledonian University. â€Å"An Examination of Criminal Jury Directions in Relation to Eyewitness Identification in Commonwealth Jurisdictions. † Glasgow Caledonian University. http://gcal. academia. edu/Michael Bromby/Papers/9952/An_Examination_of_Criminal_Jury_Directions_in_Relation_to_Eyewitness_Identification_in_Commonwealth_Jurisdictions. Web. 10 Jul. 2012. Steven Duke. Yale Law School. â€Å"Eyewitness Testimony Doesn’t Make It True. † Yale Law School. 2006. http://www. l aw. yale. edu/news/2727. htm. Web. 10 Jul. 2012. ——————————————– [ 1 ].Dean Jobb, â€Å"First Blood,† in Bluenose Justice: True Tales of Mischief, Mayhem and Murder (Hantsport, N. S. : Lancelot Press, 1996), pages: 135-40. [ 2 ]. Dean Jobb, â€Å"First Blood,† in Bluenose Justice: True Tales of Mischief, Mayhem and Murder (Hantsport, N. S. : Lancelot Press, 1996), pages: 135-40. [ 3 ]. Angelina Napolitano. Dictionary of Canadian Biography Online. http://www. biographi. ca/index-e. html. Date of access, July 9, 2012. [ 4 ]. Angelina Napolitano. Dictionary of Canadian Biography Online: http://www. biographi. ca/index-e. html. Date of access, July 9, 2012. [ 5 ].Angelina Napolitano. Dictionary of Canadian Biography Online: http://www. biographi. ca/index-e. html. Date of access, July 9, 2012. [ 6 ]. Angelina Napolitano. Dictionary of Canadian Biography Online: http://w ww. biographi. ca/index-e. html. Date of access, July 9, 2012. [ 7 ]. Angelina Napolitano. Dictionary of Canadian Biography Online: http://www. biographi. ca/index-e. html. Date of access, July 9, 2012. [ 8 ]. Claude Jones, Center on Wrongful Convictions. http://www. law. northwestern. edu/cwc/issues/wrongfulexecutions/txjonescsummary. html. Date of access, July 9, 2012. 9 ]. Claude Jones, Center on Wrongful Convictions. http://www. law. northwestern. edu/cwc/issues/wrongfulexecutions/txjonescsummary. html. Date of access, July 9, 2012. [ 10 ]. Crime Museum. http://www. crimemuseum. org/library/execution/wrongfulExecution. html. Date of access, July 9, 2012. [ 11 ]. Crime Museum. http://www. crimemuseum. org/library/execution/wrongfulExecution. html. Date of access, July 9, 2012. [ 12 ]. Crime Museum. http://www. crimemuseum. org/library/execution/wrongfulExecution. html. Date of access, July 9, 2012. [ 13 ]. Crime Museum.

Tlaloc the Aztec God of Rain and Fertility

Tlaloc the Aztec God of Rain and Fertility Tlaloc (Tl-lock) was the Aztec rain god and one of the most ancient and widespread deities of all Mesoamerica. Tlaloc was thought to live on the top of the mountains, especially the ones always covered by clouds; and from there he sent down revivifying rains to the people below. Rain gods are found in most Mesoamerican cultures, and the origins of Tlaloc can be traced back to Teotihuacan and the Olmec. The rain god was called Chaac by the ancient Maya, and Cocijo by the Zapotec of Oaxaca. Tlalocs Characteristics The rain god was among the most important of the Aztec deities, governing the spheres of water, fertility, and agriculture. Tlaloc oversaw crop growth, especially maize, and the regular cycle of the seasons. He ruled over the 13-day sequence in the 260-day ritual calendar beginning with the day Ce Quiauitl (One Rain). Tlalocs female consort was Chalchiuhtlicue (Jade Her Skirt) who presided over freshwater lakes and streams. Archaeologists and historians suggest that the emphasis on this well-known god was a way for the Aztec rulers to legitimize their rule over the region. For this reason, they built a shrine to Tlaloc on the top of the Great Temple of Tenochtitlan, just next to the one dedicated to Huitzilopochtli, the Aztec patron deity. A Shrine in Tenochtitlan Tlalocs shrine at the Templo Mayor represented agriculture and water; while Huitzilopochtlis shrine represented warfare, military conquest, and tribute... These are the two most important shrines within their capital city. The shrine of Tlaloc featured pillars inscribed with symbols of Tlalocs eyes and painted with a series of blue bands. The priest who was tasked with tending to the shrine was the Quetzalcoatl Tlaloc tlamacazqui, one of the most highly ranked priests in the Aztec religion. Many offerings have been found associated with this shrine, containing sacrifices of water animals and artifacts such as jade objects, which were related to water, sea, fertility, and the underworld. A Place in the Aztec Heaven Tlaloc was assisted by a group of supernatural beings called Tlaloques who supplied the earth with rain. In Aztec mythology, Tlaloc was also the governor of the Third Sun, or world, which was dominated by water. After a great flood, the Third Sun ended, and people were replaced by animals such as dogs, butterflies, and turkeys. In the Aztec religion, Tlaloc governed the fourth heaven or sky, called Tlalocan, the Place of Tlaloc. This place is described in Aztec sources as a paradise of lush vegetation and perennial spring, ruled by the god and the Tlaloques. The Tlalocan was also the afterlife destination for those who had died violently of water-related causes as well as for new-born children and women who died in childbirth. Ceremonies and Rituals The most important ceremonies dedicated to Tlaloc were called Tozoztontli and they took place at the end of the dry season, in March and April. Their purpose was to assure abundant rain during the growing season. One of the most common rites carried out during such ceremonies were sacrifices of children, whose crying was considered beneficial for obtaining rain. The tears of new-born children, being strictly connected with the Tlalocan, were pure and precious. One offering found at the Templo Mayor in Tenochtitlan included the remains of approximately 45 children sacrificed in honor of Tlaloc. These children ranged in age between two and seven years of age and were mostly but not entirely males. This was an unusual ritual deposit, and Mexican archaeologist Leonardo LÃ ³pez Lujn has suggested that the sacrifice was specifically to appease Tlaloc during the great drought that occurred during the mid-15th century C.E. Mountain Shrines Apart from the ceremonies carried out at the Aztec Templo Mayor, offerings to Tlaloc have been found in several caves and on mountain peaks. The most sacred shrine of Tlaloc was located on the top of Mount Tlaloc, an extinct volcano located east of Mexico City. Archaeologists investigating on the top of the mountain have identified the architectural remains of an Aztec temple which seem to have been aligned with the Tlaloc shrine at the Templo Mayor. This shrine is enclosed in a precinct where pilgrimages and offerings were carried out once a year by each Aztec king and his priests. Tlaloc Images The image of Tlaloc is one of the most often represented and easily recognizable in Aztec mythology, and similar to rain gods in other Mesoamerican cultures. He has large goggled eyes whose contours are made of two serpents which meet at the center of his face to form his nose. He also has large fangs hanging from his mouth and a protuberant upper lip. He is often surrounded by raindrops and by his assistants, the Tlaloques. He often holds a long scepter in his hand with a sharp tip which represents lightning and thunder. His representations are frequently found in the Aztec books known as codices, as well as in murals, sculptures, and copal incense burners. Sources Berdan FF. 2014. Aztec Archaeology and Ethnohistory. New York: Cambridge University Press.Millar M and Taube KA. 1993. The Gods and Symbols of Ancient Mexico and the Maya: An Illustrated Dictionary of Mesoamerican Religion. London: Thames and HudsonSmith ME. 2013. The Aztecs. Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell.Van Tuerenhout DR. 2005. The Aztecs. New Perspectives. Santa Barbara, CA: ABC-CLIO Inc.

Biography of William Shakespeare, Famous Playwright

Biography of William Shakespeare, Famous Playwright William Shakespeare (April 23, 1564–April 23, 1616) wrote at least 37 plays and 154 sonnets, which are considered among the most important and enduring ever written. Although the plays have captured the imagination of theatergoers for centuries, some historians claim that Shakespeare didn’t actually write them. Amazingly, little is known about Shakespeare’s life. Even though he is the world’s most famous and popular playwright, historians have had to fill in the gaps between the handful of surviving records from Elizabethan times. Fast Facts: William Shakespeare Known For: One of historys most famous playwrights, who wrote at least 37 plays, which are still studied and performed to this day, as well as 154 sonnets, which are also highly regardedAlso Known As: The BardBorn: April 23, 1564 in Stratford-upon-Avon,  EnglandParents: John Shakespeare, Mary ArdenDied: April 23, 1616 in Stratford-upon-AvonPublished Works: Romeo and Juliet (1594–1595), A Midsummer Night’s Dream (1595–1596), Much Ado About Nothing (1598–1599), Henry V (1598–1599), Hamlet 1600–1601, King Lear (1605–1606), Macbeth ( 1605–1606), The Tempest (1611–1612)Awards and Honors: After Shakespeares death, a funerary monument was erected to honor him at Holy Trinity Church in Stratford-upon-Avon, where he is buried. It depicts a half-effigy of The Bard in the act of writing. Numerous statues and monuments have been erected around the world to honor the playwright.Spouse: Anne Hathaway (m.  Nov. 28, 1582–April 23, 1616)Children: Susanna, Judith and Hamnet (twins)Notable Quote: All the worlds a stage, and all the men and women merely players: they have their exits and their entrances; and one man in his time plays many parts, his acts being seven ages. Early Years Shakespeare was probably born on April 23, 1564, but this date is an educated guess because we only have a record of his baptism three days later. His parents, John Shakespeare and Mary Arden, were successful townsfolk who moved to a large house in Henley Street, Stratford-upon-Avon, from the surrounding villages. His father became a wealthy town official and his mother was from an important, respected family. It is widely assumed that Shakespeare attended the local grammar school where he would have studied Latin, Greek, and classical literature. His early education must have made a huge impact on him because many of his plots draw on the classics. Shakespeare’s Family At age 18, on November 28, 1582, Shakespeare married Anne Hathaway from Shottery, who was already pregnant with their first daughter. The wedding would have been arranged quickly to avoid the shame of having a child born out of wedlock. Shakespeare fathered three children, Susanna, born in May 1583 but conceived out of wedlock, and Judith and Hamnet, twins who were born in February 1585. Hamnet died in 1596 at age 11. Shakespeare was devastated by the death of his only son, and it is argued that Hamlet, written four years later, is evidence of this. Theater Career At some point in the late 1580s, Shakespeare made the four-day ride to London, and by 1592 had established himself as a writer. In 1594, an event occurred that changed the course of literary history: Shakespeare joined Richard Burbage’s acting company and became its chief playwright for the next two decades. Here, Shakespeare was able to hone his craft, writing for a regular group of performers. Shakespeare also worked as an actor in the theater company, although the lead roles were always reserved for Burbage himself. The company became very successful and often performed in front of the Queen of England, Elizabeth I. In 1603, James I ascended the throne and granted his royal patronage to Shakespeare’s company, which became known as The King’s Men. Shakespeare the Gentleman Like his father, Shakespeare had excellent business sense. He bought the largest house in Stratford-upon-Avon by 1597, owned shares in the Globe Theater,  and profited from some real estate deals near Stratford-upon-Avon in 1605. Before long, Shakespeare officially became a gentleman, partly due to his own wealth and partly due to inheriting a coat of arms from his father who died in 1601. Later Years and Death Shakespeare retired to Stratford in 1611 and lived comfortably off his wealth for the rest of his life. In his will, he bequeathed most of his properties to Susanna, his eldest daughter, and some actors from The King’s Men. Famously, he left his wife his â€Å"second-best bed† before he died on April 23, 1616. (This date is an educated guess because we only have a record of his burial two days later). If you visit Holy Trinity Church in Stratford-upon-Avon, you can still view his grave and read his epitaph engraved into the stone: Good friend, for Jesus sake forbearTo dig the dust enclosed here.Blessed be the man that spares these stones,And cursed be he that moves my bones. Legacy More than 400 years after his death, Shakespeares plays and sonnets still hold a special place in theaters, libraries, and schools around the world. His plays and sonnets have been performed in nearly every major language on every continent, notes Greg Timmons writing on Biography.com. In addition to the legacy of his plays and sonnets, many of the words and phrases Shakespeare created infuse dictionaries today and are embedded in modern English, including these sayings from some of his plays: All that glitters isnt gold (The Merchant of Venice)Alls well that ends well (Alls Well that Ends Well)To be-all and the end-all (Macbeth)Break the ice (The Taming of the Shrew)We have seen better days (As You Like It)Brave new world (The Tempest)Brevity is the soul of wit (Hamlet)Cruel to be kind (Hamlet)Its Greek to me (Julius Caesar)Something wicked this way comes (Macbeth)Star-crossed lovers (Romeo and Juliet)Wild-goose chase (Romeo and Juliet)The world is my oyster (The Merry Wives of Windsor) Few writers, poets, and playwrights- and Shakespeare was all three- have had the influence on culture and learning that Shakespeare has. With luck, his plays and sonnets may still be revered and studied four centuries from now. Sources â€Å"IWonder - William Shakespeare: The Life and Legacy of Englands Bard.†Ã‚  BBC.â€Å"Shakespeares Words Phrases.†Ã‚  Shakespeare Birthplace Trust.Timmons, Greg. â€Å"William Shakespeares 400th Anniversary: The Life Legacy of The Bard.†Ã‚  Biography.com, AE Networks Television, 2 Nov. 2018.â€Å"Who Was William Shakespeare? Everything You Need to Know.†Ã‚  Childhood, Life Achievements Timeline, thefamouspeople.com.â€Å"William Shakespeare Quotes.†Ã‚  BrainyQuote, Xplore.

ME Critical Thinking Mod 5 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

ME Critical Thinking Mod 5 - Essay Example Several economists have regarded income inequality as one of the major concerns. Therefore one cannot ignore the importance of alleviation of income inequality to achieve long term economic growth. It can even be stated that increases in income inequality in the short term will lead to decrease in income inequality in the long term. The US government has taken some initiatives in order to stimulate economic growth of the nation. They have taken the initiative to persuade the private sector to make investments in green technologies. Such type of technologies uses low carbon. Such a policy was followed with the view to restore the confidence of the investors through green investments as well as innovation (Grantham Research Institute on Climate Change and the Environment, 2012). The government currently is not in a position to offset the private savings through extra borrowing. But they have the capability to restore the confidence of the investors if they can choose the right instrume nt with the view to stimulate private investment. Such type of low carbon investments will surely improve the quality of life by not only creating job opportunities but the environment will also reap the benefits of low carbon emission. In order to make the first policy regarding investments in green technologies to be much more successful some initiatives from the part of the government like providing some kind of subsidy or relaxation for the investors can be taken. Such actions will act as the incentives for the investors. The loans for students in the country of US are backed by the government. The loans usually carry a fixed rate of interest but there have been cases where the rates remained high in spite of the overall rate being low. It has been expected that the reform on student loans will discourage adults for further education and women were expected to suffer most (Murray, 2012). The policies of student loans do not seem to upgrade the quality of life as the rates of int erest is significantly high. The interest rates for the students must be the same for all and low as well. If the interest rate is high they are not going to opt for the loans and the economy as a whole will suffer. It is necessary to keep the interest rates low and more and more needy students are to be driven under the purview. The forces of globalization reshaped the global economy. Some of the experts opined that the expanding free trade policy of the government will open up new jobs opportunities. The exports of the country will find its place in the foreign markets and the competitiveness will get boosted. The policy of free trade and that of trade liberalization will open up more opportunities for the exports of the country and so the policy is expected to be gainful for the economy. There are two folds benefits from free trade. The short term advantages include lower consumer prices, wider potential of consumers as well as larger investments in the sector that enjoy comparat ive advantage. Thus the dead weight loss is reduced (Department of Business Innovation and Skills, 2012). Free trade has the potential to create expanded markets for the export sector in the long run. Globalization driven by trade has reached by unprecedented pace. It has laid down the path of creating new opportunities that contribute in accelerating economic growth and reduce the level of poverty. Policymakers have clinched the liberalization of trade in course of time because such policies seemed to enhance economic

Enabling healthcare through ICT Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 8

Enabling healthcare through ICT - Assignment Example In addition, one can tell whether the information is valid and accurate by checking whether there is supporting evidence from scientific studies (Kuo, et al, 2013). However, the surest way is by seeking health officer’s advice on such information. They are better placed to pinpoint accurate and inaccurate information. Â  Community resources are funded by people in a particular local area. The main purpose of such resources is to improve standards of living rather than waiting for the federal and state programs. Most of the community resources entail the provision of services in healthcare and education. However, the state and federal governments are required to offer these services to the community. For instance, federal resources include those that are basic to the community. Programs such as Medicaid and Medicare as well as supporting and funding other programs fall under the federal government. This is aimed at bringing services closer to the people. Nevertheless, the state is accorded greater authority of the federal funding in order to monitor and regulate federal governments spending.